Non-mineral resources include: the sedimentary, igneous and metamor- phic rock that we quarry for buildings, monuments, construction and decoration; deposits from the glaciers that covered much of the Northeast over the last two million years, such as clay, peat, sand and gravel; and the soil,
1/ Earthenware is pottery which is porous (meaning water gets through tiny holes slowly). It was fired at a temperature which did not melt it into a glass-like vitreous form. So it is porous. Many types of pottery have been made from it. Until the 18th century it was the commonest type of pottery outside China.
Classified into two classes:
1- Muddy products
2- Thermal substances which resist heat
2/ Glass is made from natural and abundant raw materials (sand, soda ash and limestone) that are melted at very high temperature to form a new material: glass. At high temperature glass is structurally similar to liquids, however at ambient temperature it behaves like solids.
3/ Cement is the grey powdery stuff that when mixed with sand, rock, gravel and water forms concrete. ... Limestone is one of the key minerals used in cement making
Cement manufacturing is a complex process that begins with mining and then grinding raw materials that include limestone and clay, to a fine powder, called raw meal, which is then heated to a sintering temperature as high as 1450 °C in a cement kiln.
4/ Asphalt, also known as bitumen is a sticky, black, highly viscous liquid or semi-solid form of petroleum. It may be found in natural deposits or may be a refined product, and is classed as a pitch. Before the 20th century, the term asphaltum was also used.
5/ Plastics are a group of materials, either synthetic
or naturally occurring, that may be shaped when soft and then hardened to
retain the given shape. Plastics are polymers. A polymer is a substance made
of many repeating units.
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